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Contraception
List
of contraceptives supplied under the UNFPA executed projects
since 1997:
| Contraceptive
Category |
Offered
Contraceptives |
| Intra
Uterine Devices (IUD) |
| Oral
Hormonal pills |
| Injectables |
| Condoms |
| Contraceptives
prevalence rate in Turkmenistan-25,2% |
RH
Centers
- National
RH Center-Reproductive Health Brunch
-
Ashagabat City Children's Hospital, c.Ashgabat
-
Lebap Velayat-Velayat Hospital on Mother and Child
Health Protection, c.Turkmenabad
- Mary
Velayat-Velayat Hospital on Mother and Child Health
Protection,c.Mary
- Dashoguz
Velayat-Velayat Hospital on Mother and Child Health
Protection, c.Dashoguz
-
Akhal Velayat-Velayat Hospital on Mother and Child
Health Protection, Buzmein.
- Balkan
Velayat-Velayat Hospital on Mother and Child Health
Protection, c. Balkanabad
The
Organization
UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund, helps developing
countries find solutions to their population problems.
UNFPA began operations in 1969. It is the largest international
source of population assistance. About a quarter of all
population assistance from donor nations to developing
countries is channeled through UNFPA.
Agenda for Action
ICPD
In September 1994, governments meeting in Cairo for the
International Conference on Population and Development
(ICPD) adopted a Programed of Action for the next 20 years,
including a set of specific objectives for all countries
relating to health, women' status and social development.
The Fund helps countries achieve these objectives, which
include:
- universal access to reproductive health care, including
family planning and sexual health, by 2015;
- universal access to primary education by 2015;
- reducing infant mortality to below 35 deaths per
1,000 live births and under-5 mortality rates to below
45 per 1,000 by 2015;
- reducing maternal mortality rates to one half of
the 1990 levels by the year 2000 and by half again
by 2015;
- increasing life expectancy at birth to 75 years
or more by 2015.
ICPD+5
In June -July 1999, the United Nations General Assembly
convened a special session to review progress since the
International Conference on Population and Development.
Government agreed on a set of key actions to further implement
the ICPD Programs of Action. New benchmarks were set to
measure progress. These include:
· halving the 1990 illiteracy rate for women and girls
by 2005; · enrolling 90% of boys and girls in primary
school by 2010; · ensuring that 60% of primary health
care and family planning facilities offer a wide range
of services, including family planning, obstetric care,
and prevention and treatment of reproductive tract infections
including sexually transmitted diseases by 2005; · proving
skilled birth attendants at 80% of all births globally,
and at least 40% of all births where the maternal mortality
rate is very high; · reducing unmet need for contraceptives
by half by 2005, 75% by 2010; and 100% by 2015; · guaranteeing
that 90% of 15 - 24-year-olds have access to information
and services by 2005 to help them avoid HIV infection,
including condoms, voluntary testing, counseling and follow-up.
The Programs
UNFPA has three main programs areas: Reproductive health
including Family Planning and Sexual Health - UNFPA
supports the provision of reproductive health care including
wider choice of family planning methods and information.
Reproductive health care services include: safe motherhood;
counseling and prevention of infertility; preventing and
treating reproductive health tract infections and sexually
transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS; and dealing with
the health consequences of unsafe abortion.
Population and Development Strategy- UNFPA helps
countries formulate, implement and evaluate comprehensive
population policies as a central part of sustainable development
strategies. This includes support for data collection
and analysis, and research.
Advocacy - UNFPA is an advocate for ICPD and ICPD+5
goals which include: reproductive health and rights; improving
the status of women; longer life expectancy; lower infant
and maternal mortality; closing the gender gap in education;
strengthening national capacity to formulate and implement
population and development strategies; and increasing
awareness and resources for population and development.
UNFPA offers assistance only at a country's request. While
there is international agreement on population and development
goals, each country must decide its own approach. The
Freedom to Choose
UNFPA supports the right of individuals and couples to
decide freely the number and spacing of their children
and to have the information and means to do so. All UNFPA-funded
projects are undertaken in accordance with the principles
and objectives of the ICPD Program of Action, which declares
that coercion in any form is unacceptable.
UNFPA Assistance for Turkmenistan
UNFPA has existed in Turkmenistan since 1992. The technical
support by UNFPA was basically carried out in 1994 -96.
In November, 1996 3 projects on reproductive health were
signed, within the framework of which the gratuitous delivery
of the equipment, contraceptive commodities and instrument
set for medical establishments of the country were proceeded.
Within the framework of realization of the specified projects
the reproductive health service with the trained medical
providers (obstetrician- gynecologists, family doctors
nurses) has been established in Turkmenistan, so far 34
Master - trainers, 340 ob/gyns, 216 family doctors and
108 nurses have neen trained, assortment of contraceptives
has been widened from 4 to 14, the school program on "Family
Life Education" for the schoolchildren of 9th forms has
been developed, 6 research works have been carried out,
the assistance in development of capacities, women and
youth civil organizations has been rendered, the connection
with mass media and other kinds of activity have been
adjusted. The cost of the projects is 1,7 millions US
dollars.
In 1998 UNFPA together with the national experts prepared
the report "The Country Population Assessment" of the
country on the following issues:
- reproductive health, including issues of IEC in this
sphere; - development and demography strategy; - school
education on reproductive health issues; - non - governmental
(civil) organizations working in reproductive health sphere
and female movement; - women's rights (gender issue) Thus,
the following priority directions have been developed:
- improvement of adolescents' reproductive health; - male
involvement; - use of mass media with the purposes of
advocacy of reproductive health issues and gender equality;
- distribution of IEC materials through the centers of
reproductive health; - improvement of skills of the family
doctors, medical assistants, obstetrician, nurses of the
primary health care in reproductive health issues; - increase
of technical support for NGO; - conduct Demographic Health
Survey; - improvement of system of collection, analysis,
and distribution of the RH and demographic data; - expansion
of choice of contraceptive commodities and methods. The
specified priorities fell in a basis of the Country Program
of UNFPA activity in Turkmenistan for 2000-2004, which
includes 3 subprograms: "Reproductive Health", "Advocacy"
and "Population and Development Strategy" signed with
Turkmenistan Government on September 17, 1999. In 2000
the following main activities were conducted: - National
RH strategy developed; - Pilot mini - census conducted;
- Data base in RH and Population area reviewed; - DHS
started. |
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